An identification key of the most important German freshwater teleost fishes by means of their eggs [Translation from: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 83(2), 200-212, 1978]

The fetal and larval development of many freshwater fish is already relatively well covered. Coverage of the morphology of fish-species' eggs is very sparse. For this reason the authors have attempted to prepare a key on fish eggs which covers the bulk of German Teleostei fish. The key also includes a discussion of problems of categorization and terminology

Cyclic multicategories, multivariable adjunctions and mates

A multivariable adjunction is the generalisation of the notion of a 2-variable adjunction, the classical example being the hom/tensor/cotensor trio of functors, to n + 1 functors of n variables. In the presence of multivariable adjunctions, natural transformations between certain composites built from multivariable functors have “dual” forms. We refer to corresponding natural transformations as multivariable or parametrised mates, generalising the mates correspondence for ordinary adjunctions, which enables one to pass between natural transformations involving left adjoints to those involving right adjoints. A central problem is how to express the naturality (or functoriality) of the parametrised mates, giving a precise characterization of the dualities so-encoded. We present the notion of “cyclic double multicategory” as a structure in which to organise multivariable adjunctions and mates. While the standard mates correspondence is described using an isomorphism of double categories, the multivariable version requires the framework of “double multicategories”. Moreover, we show that the analogous isomorphisms of double multicategories give a cyclic action on the multimaps, yielding the notion of “cyclic double multicategory”. The work is motivated by and applied to Riehl's approach to algebraic monoidal model categories

On the intersections of polynomials and the Cayley–Bacharach theorem

AbstractLet R=K[x1,…,xn] and let f1,…,fn be products of linear forms with fi of degree di. Assume that the fi have d1,…,dn common zeros. Then we determine the maximum number of those zeros that a form of degree k can go through without going through all of them. This is a version of a conjecture of Eisenbud, Green, and Harris. We suggest a possible method for using this to explore the case where the fi are arbitrary forms of degree di with the right number of common zeros

Lifting accessible model structures

A Quillen model structure is presented by an interacting pair of weak factorization systems. We prove that in the world of locally presentable categories, any weak factorization system with accessible functorial factorizations can be lifted along either a left or a right adjoint. It follows that accessible model structures on locally presentable categories - ones admitting accessible functorial factorizations, a class that includes all combinatorial model structures but others besides - can be lifted along either a left or a right adjoint if and only if an essential "acyclicity" condition holds. A similar result was claimed in a paper of Hess-Kedziorek-Riehl-Shipley, but the proof given there was incorrect. In this note, we explain this error and give a correction, and also provide a new statement and a different proof of the theorem which is more tractable for homotopy-theoretic applications

An (∞,2)(\infty,2)-categorical pasting theorem

We show that any pasting diagram in any $(\infty,2)$-category has ahomotopically unique composite. This is achieved by showing that the free 2-category generated by a pasting scheme is the homotopy colimit of its cells as an $(\infty,2)$-category. We prove this explicitly in the simplicial categories model and then explain how to deduce the model-independent statement from that calculation

Influence of structure on the optical limiting properties of nanotubes

We investigate the role of carbon nanotubes structure on their optical limiting properties. Samples of different and well-characterized structural features are studied by optical limiting and pump-probe experiments. The influence of the diameter's size on the nano-object is demonstrated. Indeed, both nucleation and growth of gas bubbles are expected to be sensitive to diameter

Combination of carbon nanotubes and two-photon absorbers for broadband optical limiting

New systems are required for optical limiting against broadband laser pulses. We demonstrate that the association of non-linear scattering from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multiphoton absorption (MPA) from organic chromophores is a promising approach to extend performances of optical limiters over broad spectral and temporal ranges. Such composites display high linear transmission and good neutral colorimetry and are particularly efficient in the nanosecond regime due to cumulative effects.Comment: 5 avril 200

Nuances of the psychogastroenterology patient: A predictive model for gastrointestinal quality of life improvement

BackgroundGastrointestinal conditions are multifactorial in nature, and certain patients can benefit greatly from brain–gut psychotherapies delivered by mental health professionals who specialize in psychogastroenterology. This study aimed to identify features associated with improvements in GI‐specific quality of life scores following behavioral health interventions (BHI). The second aim was to create a psychogastroenterology referral care pathway incorporating identified characteristics for greatest benefit from GI‐specific behavioral therapy.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of 101 (63 women; median age, 45 years) gastroenterology patients referred for psychogastroenterology consultation at a single center. Patients attended an average of seven sessions with a single GI psychologist where evidence‐based brain–gut psychotherapies were employed. GI‐specific quality of life (IBS‐QOL) and psychological distress (BSI‐18) were assessed before and after BHI. Patients completed self‐reported questionnaires. We performed a multivariable analysis to determine predictors associated with IBS‐QOL score improvement.Key ResultsA total of 53 (52.5%) patients experienced improvement in IBS‐QOL score. Patients with improved IBS‐QOL scores had significantly higher baseline BSI general domain T‐scores (61.9 vs. 56.9, P = 0.002). Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 3.2), pretreatment BSI somatization T‐score ≥63 (OR, 3.7), and a diagnosis of depression (OR, 4.2) were associated with greater odds of IBS‐QOL score improvement following BHI.Conclusions and InferencesWe identified factors associated with response to GI‐specific BHI to aid in optimizing the utilization of psychogastroenterology services and provide referring providers with information to inform treatment recommendations. Female patients with disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBIs), high somatization, and depression should be considered a priority for brain–gut psychotherapies.Gastrointestinal conditions are multifactorial in nature, and certain patients can benefit greatly from brain–gut psychotherapies delivered by mental health professionals who specialize in psychogastroenterology. Females with disorders of gut–brain interaction, high somatization, and depression should be considered priority for brain–gut psychotherapies. Behavioral health outcomes were not limited to disease; patients with IBD should be routinely considered for referral. Optimizing utilization of GI‐specific behavioral health specialists for the best outcomes can maximize quality of life and disease experience, but also improve value‐based care.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151345/1/nmo13663.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151345/2/nmo13663_am.pd

Prostaglandin E2 reduces radiation-induced epithelial apoptosis through a mechanism involving AKT activation and bax translocation

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis modulates the response to radiation injury in the mouse intestinal epithelium through effects on crypt survival and apoptosis; however, the downstream signaling events have not been elucidated. WT mice receiving 16,16-dimethyl PGE(2) (dmPGE(2)) had fewer apoptotic cells per crypt than untreated mice. Apoptosis in Bax(–/–) mice receiving 12 Gy was approximately 50% less than in WT mice, and the ability of dmPGE(2) to attenuate apoptosis was lost in Bax(–/–) mice. Positional analysis revealed that apoptosis in the Bax(–/–) mice was diminished only in the bax-expressing cells of the lower crypts and that in WT mice, dmPGE(2) decreased apoptosis only in the bax-expressing cells. The HCT-116 intestinal cell line and Bax(–/–) HCT-116 recapitulated the apoptotic response of the mouse small intestine with regard to irradiation and dmPGE(2). Irradiation of HCT-116 cells resulted in phosphorylation of AKT that was enhanced by dmPGE(2) through transactivation of the EGFR. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation prevented the reduction of apoptosis by dmPGE(2) following radiation. Transfection of HCT-116 cells with a constitutively active AKT reduced apoptosis in irradiated cells to the same extent as in nontransfected cells treated with dmPGE(2). Treatment with dmPGE(2) did not alter bax or bcl-x expression but suppressed bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane. Our in vivo studies indicate that there are bax-dependent and bax-independent radiation-induced apoptosis in the intestine but that only the bax-dependent apoptosis is reduced by dmPGE(2). The in vitro studies indicate that dmPGE(2), most likely by signaling through the E prostaglandin receptor EP(2), reduces radiation-induced apoptosis through transactivation of the EGFR and enhanced activation of AKT and that this results in reduced bax translocation to the mitochondria

A colimit decomposition for homotopy algebras in Cat

Badzioch showed that in the category of simplicial sets each homotopy algebra of a Lawvere theory is weakly equivalent to a strict algebra. In seeking to extend this result to other contexts Rosicky observed a key point to be that each homotopy colimit in simplicial sets admits a decomposition into a homotopy sifted colimit of finite coproducts, and asked the author whether a similar decomposition holds in the 2-category of categories Cat. Our purpose in the present paper is to show that this is the case.Comment: Some notation changed; small amount of exposition added in intr